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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A paper which considers the complex issues of gender identity and gender roles, with specific reference to the theories of Money and Erhardt and the reasons why these have been challenged. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JL5_JLgendrls2.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
The strictly biological approach states that all children are born as boys or girls and even if there is an error made in gender classification originally, this will soon become
evident as the child grows according to his or her natural, biological gender. This perspective is challenged by those who argue that gender identity is not immutably fixed in this
way, and individuals can modify it according to circumstances: as Bland says, "people can re-label themselves" (Bland, 2001). Money and Erhardt
(1972), however, contended that gender identity is the result of environment and socio-cultural influences; in other words, once a child is defined as male or female, he or she develops
behavioural patterns which correspond to that label. Both the child and those around him or her have certain expectations as to how the child will grow, and the child therefore
conforms to those expectations. Money and Erhardt were of the opinion that in the first couple of years of life, the child would not have a clearly-defined sense of being
male or female, and therefore it would be possible to change from one label to another without causing trauma. Money
and Erhardt studied a group of girls who had been wrongly identified as boys at birth, and originally raised as boys. They stated that if these children underwent gender reassignment
surgery in the first two years of life, they were able to adapt well to the new gender role. However, those who were reassigned after that time had much greater
problems; Bland comments that many of the sample group dropped out of the study because of the psychological trauma they underwent. Money and Erhardt came to the conclusion that despite
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