Here is the synopsis of our sample research paper on Gender Physiology: Issues and Research Relating to Gender Differences in Carbohydrate Oxidation in Mild, Moderate and Intense Exercise
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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This is a 13 page paper on carbohydrate oxidation differences between genders in mild, moderate and intense exercise. Carbohydrate oxidation is just one of the three processes which can occurred when glucose has been taken in by the muscle. After carbohydrates are consumed and stored as glucose in the muscle, the glucose can either go through the process of oxidation; can be stored in the muscles as glycogen or can be converted to a carbon compound; most commonly lactate and is transported to the liver. During exercise, fat and carbohydrate oxidation provide the two most essential fuels used as energy production in the muscles. It has most recently been found that during all levels of exercise (mild, moderate and intense) that women have a significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) than men, indicating an increased reliance on fats as fuel and these findings seem to indicate that that women generally oxidize less carbohydrates and more fat then men. In studying the differences in gender and carbohydrate oxidation and exercise however, it is necessary to understand the relationship between carbohydrate and fat oxidation, general gender differences in carbohydrate oxidation, the relationship between rates of glycogen storage and carbohydrate supply and exercise, the effects of different compound (caffeine) ingestion carbohydrate oxidation and the recent assumptions used to determine gender differences in oxidation rates during exercise.
Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Page Count:
13 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_TJGenPh1.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
in by the muscle. After carbohydrates are consumed and stored as glucose in the muscle, the glucose can either go through the process of oxidation; can be stored in the
muscles as glycogen or can be converted to a carbon compound; most commonly lactate and is transported to the liver. During exercise, fat and carbohydrate oxidation provide the two most
essential fuels used as energy production in the muscles. Sustained muscle use through exercise has been studied to determine the use of fat and carbohydrate oxidation in relation to intensity
of exercise. Generally, during low intensity exercise, it has historically been found that fat and carbohydrate oxidation was used on equal levels and as exercise intensity increased, differences in oxidation
of fat and carbohydrate levels would begin to occur. In the differences which have been revealed between fat and carbohydrate oxidation in more intense levels of exercise additional variances have
been found to occur between genders. Although many of the findings are still controversial which could be due to that fact that females have a greater variance of fat and
carbohydrate oxidation than males depending on their estrogen levels, caffeine levels, stage in menstrual cycle, oral contraception and menopause, it has most recently been found that during all levels of
exercise (mild, moderate and intense) that women have a significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) than men, indicating an increased reliance on fats as fuel and these findings seem to
indicate that that women generally oxidize less carbohydrates and more fat then men. In studying the differences in gender and carbohydrate oxidation and exercise however, it is necessary to understand
the relationship between carbohydrate and fat oxidation, general gender differences in carbohydrate oxidation, the relationship between rates of glycogen storage and carbohydrate supply and exercise, the effects of different compound
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