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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper discusses the issue of gender inequality in the public school system. There are strong arguments supporting socialization as a key factor in gender differences between boys and girls and schools are a major center for socialization. The first imbalance observed by children is the number of female versus the number of male teachers. Research, however, concludes that both male and female teachers treat girls and boys differently. This paper presents some of the evidence found in the literature. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGgnded.rtf
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of debate for many years with no definitive conclusion ever being reached. There are, however, strong arguments supporting socialization as a key factor in gender differences although it would be
na?ve to eliminate biological factors totally. Still, Carole R. Beal asserted that "in no area of child development will we find that biology is a sufficient explanation for the behavioral
differences between the sexes. . . . In other words, biology is not destiny" (Powlishta, 1998, p. 530). It is important to differentiate between sex roles and gender roles because
they are often confused and each affects the development of personal identity. Hirsch and colleagues define sex roles as: "The behaviors, attitudes, and activities considered appropriate and desirable for males
and females" and they define gender roles as: "behavior that is considered masculine or feminine [that] are culturally determined" (1988, p. 152). Hirsch and colleagues went on to say that
sex roles are "essentially biologically determined" to ensure reproduction and even division of labor, at least during the times when women were associated exclusively with child rearing (1988). Gender roles,
on the other hand, are also divided by the sex of an individual with certain expectations for males and females (Hirsch et al, 1988). Obviously, these are old-time descriptions of
the roles men and women were expected to assume in decades past. These roles have seen a drastic and dramatic change in the last thirty years. Nonetheless, gender roles continue
to be instilled in each individual through social and cultural norms and traditions. (Chandler, 1996). Children are exposed to very profound socialization processes when they enter school. The first imbalance
observed is the number of female versus male teachers. There are approximately 2,988,379 teachers in the K through 12 public schools in the United States (National Center for Education Statistics,
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