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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper discusses the difference between the social constructs known as the Gemeinschaft and the Gesellschaft, and argues that democratic leadership is best to deal with the teen unrest in the Gemeinschaft. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVgemein.rtf
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used to help teenagers who are unhappy in the Gemeinschaft community. Discussion The two terms were first used by Ferdinand T?nnies, a German sociologist who was the co-founder of the
German Society for Sociology (Deflem, 2001). His life is interesting: he was born July 26, 1855 "into a wealthy farming family in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany" (Deflem, 2001). He studied in Leipzig,
Jena, Berlin and Bonn, and received his doctorate in 1877 at T?bingen (Deflem, 2001). In 1881, he began his academic career as a "Privatdozent (private lecturer) at the University of
Kiel," but because he was a social-democrat, and therefore "politically suspect," and because he didnt like "the burdens of a formal academic position" he didnt become a full professor until
1913 (Deflem, 2001). He only held the post for three years, then in 1921 he returned to Kiel as "professor emeritus in sociology, where he stayed until 1933 when he
was dismissed under the Nazi regime" (Deflem, 2001). He published his first book, Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, in 1887; which is "arguably the first systematic sociological account to sketch an evolution
from ancient to modern society" (Deflem, 2001). T?nnies argues that the Gemeinschaft is organized around "family, village and town" and its economic system is "largely agricultural and the political life
is local" (Deflem, 2001). The Gesellschaft, on the other hand, is "organized at the larger levels of metropolis and nation-state" (Deflem, 2001). The economy of the Gesellschaft however is "based
on trade and modern industry" (Deflem, 2001). T?nnies also developed a social psychology in which he "conceived of social formations as expressions of the human will" (Deflem, 2001). He argued
that human volition was either a "type of essential-will" (Wesenwille in German) that was "dominant in Gemeinschaft"; or an "arbitrary will (K?rwille)," found in Gesellschaft (Deflem, 2001). He defines essential-will
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