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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper examines Freud's theories of oral fixation as well as his views on psychoanalysis to determine why he was pessimistic about the benefits of psychoanalysis in treating the alcoholic. This paper also reveals differences in social norms that contributed to this viewpoint. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_GSFreudA.rtf
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regarding the effectiveness of psychoanalysis to treat alcoholism. While Freuds writings on the subject are sparse, we can make this conclusion based upon an analysis of his ideas on
both psychoanalysis and alcoholism separately. For instance, Freud believed that all individuals go through an oral phase, which typically occurs from
birth to 12 months old (University of Arkansas, 2003). This is when the infant is motivated to receive pleasure through the mouth (University of Arkansas, 2003). It is
people who resist ending the oral phase who typically come to be alcoholics according to Freud (University of Arkansas, 2003). These individuals are best characterized by traits such as
dependency, passivity, and pessimism (University of Arkansas, 2003). It was in Freuds, Mourning and Melancholia that was published in 1917 that
these ideas were first outlined (Staff City, 2003). In other words, Freud asserted that the alcoholic was fixated in the oral state (Staff City, 2003). As such, the
person who is orally-fixated seeks pleasures that are obtained from the mouth - which in turn leads to thumb-sucking, eating disorders, smoking and alcoholism (Staff City, 2003). "They also
seek to regress to an infantile state where there is no clear differentiation between fantasy and reality, so alcoholism is therefore an ideal activity for such a person to engage
in" (Staff City, 2003). Additionally, Freud contended that the alcoholic derived gain based upon the release of inhibitions produced by the alcohol (Staff
City, 2003). In this way, the Ego is released from preventing behaviors, thoughts, actions, etc. that are the desire of the Id (Staff City, 2003). This expression of
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