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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper addresses two topics: What would Socrates say about Freud's Civilization and its Discontents; and What would Freud say about the Sermon on the Mount/The Beatitudes? Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGfrdsc.rtf
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the collective instead of its ramifications on the individual alone. The underlying principal of the death or destructive instinct was, to Freud, the instinct for aggression present in all humans
and which in itself poses the greatest potential threat to the existence of civilized institutions. Freud (1952) expressed a deep concern about the final outcome of the struggle between the
repressive, sublimative force of civilization on the one hand and the powerful force of the death instinct on the other. Consider some of his final comments in this essay:
The fateful question of the human species seems to me to be whether and to what extent the cultural process developed in it will succeed I mastering the derangements
of communal life by the human instinct of aggression and self-destruction. . . . Men have brought their powers of subduing the forces of nature to such a pitch that
by using them they could now very easily exterminate one another to the last man (Freud, 1952, p. 802). Socrates might have difficulties understanding these thoughts. He did not focus
on human aggression but on human search for wisdom. In fact, Socrates believed that the only wisdom he could obtain was to realize that he was not at all wise.
As in most of his essays, Freud (1952), in Civilization and its Discontents, wrestles with human nature and why there is such a chasm between individual happiness and the goals
of the community. By contrast, Socrates believed in the innate goodness of man but he also said that man is filled with bestial drives (Plato, 1952). The way to avoid
having these drives take over and the way to live a life that was not filled with regret was to engage in self-reflection every day (Plato, 1952, 38a). Such reflection
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