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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 4 page paper examines seven articles about female circumcision, and traces patterns among them. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVFGMAfr.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
them. Discussion Research consisted of putting the parameters "female circumcision AND Africa" into the Google search engine, and then choosing seven articles, including one journal article, for comparison.
Articles that were adamantly pro or con on the issue were not analyzed, since we wanted to look for objective sources. The first thing of note is that although the
search was specifically for "female circumcision," two of the articles have the phrase "female genital mutilation" in the title; and a third mentioned "genital cutting." "Female genital mutilation" or
FGM is the term given to this practice by those who oppose it, but it is coming into use even in "objective" accounts, since the articles and sources are Western,
and the practice is inciting disgust among Westerners. The articles also explain exactly what female circumcision is, the three different types of circumcision that are practiced, the way
it is done, and the dangers of the procedure. Female circumcision may be performed at any time, including during infancy, pregnancy, or adolescence, but it "is usually carried out
on girls between ages four and 12" (Althaus, 1997). The operation is usually performed by an elder village woman (Althaus, 1997). The three basic types of female circumcision are
the clitoridectomy, in which "part or all of the clitoris is amputated"; the second type is sometimes referred to as "excision" in which "both the clitoris and the labia minora
are removed": and the third type is called "infibulation" (Althaus, 1997). This is the most severe: After excision of the clitoris and the labia minora, the labia
majora are cut or scraped away to create raw surfaces, which are held in contact until they heal, either by stitching the edges of the wound or by tying the
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