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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
Approximately 6 pages in length. Paper discusses issues concerning female circumcision/genital mutilation. Cultural reasons (draws heavily upon African culture) and medical/health effects are examined. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_Femaleci.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
honor and welcome the girls into their communities. About 80 million living women have had this surgery, and an additional 4 or 5 million girls undergo it each year (Kouba
and Muasher 1985). Usually performed between infancy and puberty, these ancient practices are supposed to promote chastity, religion, group identity, cleanliness, health, family values, and marriage goals. This tradition is
prevalent and deeply embedded in many countries, including Ethiopia, the Sudan, Somalia, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Tanzania, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Eritrea, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Mauritania,
Nigeria, Mozambique, Botswana, Lesotho, and Egypt (Abdalla 1982). Modified versions of the surgeries are also performed in Southern Yemen and Musqat-Oman (Abdalla 1982). Tragically, the usual ways of performing these
surgeries deny women sexual orgasms, cause significant morbidity or mortality among women and children, and strain the over-burdened health care systems in these developing countries. Some refer to these practices
as female circumcision, but those wishing to stop them increasingly use the description female genital mutilation. Impassioned cultural clashes erupt when people from societies practicing female circumcision/
genital mutilation settle in other parts of the world and bring these rites with them. It is practiced, for example, by Muslim groups in the Philippines, Malaysia, Pakistan, Indonesia,
Europe, and North America (Kluge 1993). Parents may use traditional practitioners or seek medical facilities to reduce the morbidity or mortality of this genital surgery. Some doctors and nurses perform
the procedures for large fees or because they are concerned about the unhygienic techniques that traditional practitioners may use. In the United Kingdom, where about 2,000 girls undergo the surgery
annually, it is classified as child abuse (Thompson 1989). And according to my readings, other countries have also classified it as child abuse also, including Canada and France (Kluge 1993).
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