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A 4 page research paper that discusses the development of existentialism and phenomenology as a reaction to the philosophy of Hegel. The writer defines both terms and offers a brief introduction to their historical development and tenets. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khexphe.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
phenomenology, departed from conservative views, such as that of Hegel, and proposed a view of reality as mutable, changeable and that truth was subjective and based on individual perception.
Existentialism is a "loose term" that has been associated with the philosophical reaction, as exemplified by Kierkegaard, against the "abstract rationalism" of Hegel (Honderich, et al, 1995, p. 257). According
to Hegel, thought tends to moves from the simple toward the complex through a process of gradual development into syntheses, which, in turn, promotes higher level of syntheses (Frost, 1995).
Extrapolating from this, Hegel reasoned that reality itself is also a logical process and that all "reality is a logical process of evolution" (Frost, 1995, p. 259). Furthermore, Hegel
maintained that the most prevalent relationship was that of contrast or opposition and that every "condition of thought or of things...leads irresistibly to its opposite, and then unites with it
to form a higher or more complex whole" (Durant, 1961, p. 223). Rather than agree with Hegels concept of "absolute consciousness," which maintains that all opposites could ultimately find
reconciliation, Kierkegaard argued that subjective experience is irreducible (Honderich, 1995). As Kierkegaard discussed this in terms that focused on the perspective of the individual as "existing," this gave rise to
the use of the term "existentialism" as a term to describe a "distinctly human mode of being" (Honderich, 1995, p. 259). Phenomenology is a related philosophical perspective that,
likewise, rejects a view of reality based on abstract thinking and a system of conformity for universal causal laws (Ree, 1995). The phenomenological movement was begun by Husserl at the
start of the twentieth century (Ree, 1995). Sartre described Husserls basic concept for phenomenology as being a principle of intentionality, which posits that subjectivity cannot be described in terms of
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