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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 8 page research paper that examines empirical research which has suggested that there is a significant relationship between bone mass and the individual’s level of physical fitness. This examination of relevant literature focuses specifically on what this body of data reveals pertaining to the effect of exercise on bone mineral density for postmenopausal women. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khpmwos.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
entails significant negative "medical, social and economic consequences" (Chien, et al, 2000, p. 443). Bone loss is associated with menopause due to ovarian decline (Engelke, et al, 2006). In order
to address this problem, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was used extensively in the past as a preventive strategy. However, after the publications of the Womens Health Initiative (WHI) study, HRT
has become suspect on a number of levels due to adverse side effects. Therefore it is crucial that researchers determine alternative therapies as the rate of osteoporotic fractures has been
steadily increasing and now affects half of the elderly female populace in many Western and Asian countries (Chien, et al, 2000). Empirical research has suggested that there is a significant
relationship between bone mass and the individuals level of physical fitness. The following examination of relevant literature focuses specifically on what this body of data reveals pertaining to the effect
of exercise on bone mineral density for postmenopausal women. Literature review The "etiology of age-related bone loss remains unclear" (Prince, et al, 1995, p. 1068). However, both lack of
exercise and deficiencies in dietary calcium have been associated with the causation of loss of bone density in postmenopausal women. Investigating the bone density/calcium relationship, Prince, et al (1995) conducted
a 2-year randomized placebo-controlled study that was designed to determine whether not increased intake of dietary calcium, combined with increased exercise, would have a beneficial effect on a cohort of
168 women who were more than 10 years postmenopausal. The study participants were randomly assigned to one of four study groups: placebo, milk power containing 1 gram of calcium,
calcium tablets (1 g/night) and calcium tablets (1 g/nigt) combined with an exercise regimen (Prince, et al, 1995). Bone mineral density measurements were taken at the "lumbar spine, three hip
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