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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page overview of the field of environmental toxicology. The writer offers a brief history of the field and an explanation of its basic components. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khenvtox.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
the 1940s to test the efficacy of pesticides and it evolved with the "cleanup of burning rivers, polluted lakes and wildlife kills of the 1960s" (Landis and Yu 2). The
passage of key legislation, i.e., the National Environmental Policy Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), accelerated the development of field. As standards development gained in significance,
a relationship evolved with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), which led to the creation of Committee E-47-"Environmental Fate and Effects," which is "responsible for the writing of
many of the important methods used by environmental toxicologists worldwide (Landis and Yu 3). Environmental contamination is "a fact of life" and science is constantly called upon to offer expert
advice on what should be done, often with "little data or time to develop the necessary information" (Landis and Yu 3). There are several different types of toxicologist,
such as "descriptive, mechanistic, forensic...regulatory and food toxicology" (Type of Toxicologist). Descriptive toxicologists obtain data from studies that are typically performed in laboratory settings and from experimentation. Their studies focus
on "establishing dose-response relationships," as well as the impact of "acute or chronic exposure to a toxic substance" (Type of Toxicologist). These toxicologists also address how changes in the route
of exposure (i.e., inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion) on different test animal species (i.e., rats, mice, etc.) affect the impact of exposure to a chemical pollutant (Type of Toxicologist).
This information is utilized by agencies, such as the EPA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). At these agencies, regulatory toxicologists assist
in the processes involved in creating regulations that are based on the risks that are associated with using a specific chemical. Mechanistic toxicology is "an area that specializes in
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