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A 5 page research paper that offers a concept analysis on the end of life process. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_kheofconan.rtf
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care, as this will ensure that they have a death with dignity (Fawcett and Jacobs, 2009, p. 406). Prior to the landmark work of Kubler-Ross, death was largely a taboo
subject that was not addressed (Ireland, 2010). Kubler-Ross outlined five stages, which describe the psychological, emotional journey that leads terminal patients from initial denial to solace of acceptance (Ireland, 2010).
Kubler-Ross maintains, and nursing theory supports this position, that caregivers should support patients as they transition through the five stages of "denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance" (Ireland, 2010, p.
238). Addressing the psychological, emotional and spiritual needs of terminal patients is a task that is often complicated the development of cognitive disorders, such as delirium and dementia (Janecki and
Janecki, 2010). Nevertheless, even in such cases, there are steps that practitioners can take to address these issues. As this indicates, the end of life process not only involves
the physical care of the terminally ill patient, ensuring that the patient is pain-free and comfortable, but it also addresses the emotional, psychological and spiritual needs of the patients and
their families. This concept is multi-disciplinary in its application as the issue of mortality is universal and applicable to all aspects of nursing. Attributes The defining attributes of a
concept are those specific features that recur often in association with the concept and aid in differentiating it from similar concept (Lowey, 2008). The patients experience of dying is characterized
by three principal components, which are "freedom from pain and other symptoms, living a full life and an acceptance of death" (Hattori, 2006, p. 167). In the late 1960s,
Dame Cicely Saunders, based on her work with patients at the end of life, defined the concept of total pain (Middleton-Green, 2008). Total pain encompasses "physical, social, spiritual and psychological
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