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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page essay looks at environmental issues from a modern perspective: how the economics of funding sources will serve to create the environmental infrastructure and protections needed around the world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JV57_3
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and to utilize more productive cognitive strategies (Horn, 1992). Greenspan and Feltz (1989) claim that cognitive intervention strategies enhance performance behaviours. This essay looks at these possible intervention
strategies in the particular case of a junior elite tennis player, aiming to make it onto the senior circuit, and the possible effect of the strategies, as laid out by
his coach, on the players self efficacy. Self efficacy looks at the perceptions of the individual and their ability to achieve their desired goals, it is situation specific self confidence,
the "single most important determiner of successful performance" (Bandura, 1997). Bandura (1977) first introduced the concept of self efficacy to explain the impact of self reference thought on
physical activity, and the role of the individual in controlling their thought processes, behaviour and motivation. If a player credits his successes to internal attributes such as his own ability
and learned skills, rather than to external factors such as environmental conditions, faults of the other players etc, he is focusing on controllable factors, thus has the tools to facilitate
further success. Attribution theory (Weiner, 1974) looks at this internal versus external attribution of achievement, (the locus of causality). Attribution theory also includes two other dimensions; stability, the
variability of the cause over time, and controllability, whether the cause is under control of attributer or others. All 3 dimensions factor in determining future competitive behaviour.
Maehr and Nicholls (1980) suggest 3 types of achievement motivation which drive players; ability oriented, task oriented and social oriented. Ability oriented is the desire to maintain positive perceptions, thus
maximising probability of high ability displays. This type of orientation involves comparison of ones self to others, regarding competence and ability. Task oriented motivation focuses on the process rather
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