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This 10 page paper provides an overview of a study of retention rates in education, especially third grade retention plans. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MH11_MHEarlyRet.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
in third grade. This research corresponds with research conducted in Florida, which tested the third grade retention legislation in Florida to determine whether positive outcomes were made for children
who did not meet standardized minimum outcomes for basic skill acquisition in literacy learning. The outcomes of this study suggest that early retention programs, especially those in grade
three, do not significantly improve student achievement and can be linked to higher dropout rates. INTRODUCTION Many school districts nationwide include a retention policy for students who underperform in
basic content areas, especially literacy. This type of policy was based on the belief that children who lack certain skills cannot move on to the next grade without limitations
in learning process. In other words, if a child has not learned basic first grade reading skills, it is unlikely they will perform at grade level in content areas
that require reading skills, e.g. language arts, social studies and even mathematics. Researchers have sought an answer to the question of whether early grade level retention can improve student
achievement. Problem Statement One of the central issues with the controversies over the use of grade retention for underperforming students
is that before the start of the 20th century, children in schools were not even grouped according to grade levels, but instead based on ability levels and skill sets that
had to be mastered (Owings and Magliaro, 1998). Well into the mid-20th century, assessments were utilized to determine whether a child was promoted into the next grade or required
to repeat a grade, based on the development of needed skills. By the second half of the 20th century, though, researchers, including Goodlad, published reports that noted negative impacts
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