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This 5 page paper provides a summary of the book, Essentials of Early Childhood Education, providing a history of the philosophies and theories that form the foundation for ECE. Theorists include Pavlov, Skinner, Erikson, Piaget and others. Bibliography lists 1 source.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PGececnd.rtf
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the late 17th century when he said that early experiences were important and he promoted natural education, e.g., learning trough play (Gestwicki and Bertrand, 2008, p. 179). Jean Jacques Rousseau
also promoted the natural way of learning for the young child and went further to say that experiences should be related to the childs interest (Gestwicki and Bertrand, 2008, p.
179). Johann Pestalozzi is credited as being the first early childhood education (Gestwicki and Bertrand, 2008, p. 179). In 1801, he opened a school specifically for young children. His approach
would be considered discovery rather than structure. His work had a great influence on Robert Owen and Friedrich Froebel. It was in the 1950s that early childhood education began
receiving significant attention. It was during these years that numerous child development theories were promoted. Psychoanalysis, introduced by Freud, that had been around for some decades by that time considered
the unconscious mind. Various learning theories were promoted and cognitive theories stressed the childs conscious thoughts in the developmental process (Gestwicki and Bertrand, 2008, p. 179). Behaviorism was also
gaining speed at this time although it was in the early part of the century that Ivan Pavlov introduced classical conditioning, followed by John B. Watson in America who applied
the ideas to learning, and finally B.F. Skinner who really made an impact. Skinner argued that development is affected by external environmental forces and that behaviors can be changed by
changing the environment. In Skinners model, reinforcement is a key to changing behavior (Gestwicki and Bertrand, 2008, p. 180). Skinners theories are the most commonly used in school, work
and most parts of life. Albert Bandura came next with social learning theory. Bandura and other social learning theorists assert that all learning happens as a result of observation,
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