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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 4 page paper comments on some of the discrimination African American women face in this country. The essay begins with statistic related to cancer, prenatal care, poverty in old age and managers and executives in top companies. The essay includes comments on the 'concrete ceiling,' wage disparity, and stereotypes. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGdswmb.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
(Cancer Weekly Plus, 1997). Only 44 percent of African-American women have proper and adequate prenatal care (Rosenberg, 2003). African American women who have the highest rates of old age poverty
in the U.S. (Wilson and Hardy, 2002). African American women are at high risk for "early development of chronic debilitating illnesses" (Vaz, 2003, p. 14). Black women "are in poorer
health, use fewer health services, and continue to suffer disproportionately from premature death, disease, and disabilities" (Vaz, 2003, p. 14). Of the 10,092 corporate offices in Fortune 500 companies, 106
are African American women, 1.1 percent (Catalyst, 2004). These statements demonstrate the effects of discrimination on African American women and their families. Why do minorities, in general, and African Americans,
in particular, have the highest incidence of cancer? Why do minorities have higher cancer death rates than whites? The reasons have to do with research, screening and treatment. Experts have
concluded that minorities, in general, and blacks, in particular, face any number of barriers that limit their participation in screening, treatment and also in clinical trials (Zmuda, 2002; Jernigan et
al, 2001). Barriers include a lack of information from their physicians, cultural biases, a dramatic lack of access to quality health care and even a lack of trust on the
part of the black population (Zmuda, 2002). Women, in general, face a glass ceiling when attempting to achieve higher corporate executive positions but African American women refer to a concrete
ceiling (Catalyst, 2004). They name "exclusionary and risk-averse organizational cultures as key barriers to career advancement" (Catalyst, 2004). African American women face barriers that are at least twice that of
what White women face (Catalyst, 2004). White women at least share race while African American women "shoulder a burden" of discrimination-- that they suffer from prejudice based on both their
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