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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 6 page paper. This essay provides a synopsis of two research articles about depression. In each, the attention to negative stimuli are investigated. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Page Count:
6 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGdprsar.RTF
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Vol. 114(4) May 2005, 640 - 648. American Psychological Association, US Introduction People suffering from depression tend to recall negative memories and they also dwell on negative thoughts. Researchers
believe the depressed individual both elaborates negative thoughts and ruminates on negative events that occur. Each incident of recalling negative memories makes it that much easier for the individual to
retrieve negative memories, resulting in a vicious circle of dwelling on an event, recalling past negative events and sinking into deeper depressive episodes. By contrast, people who are not depressed
tend to suppress negative memories. The authors believed it was possible to train people with depression to intentionally forget negative thoughts. Method Subjects: The final sample of participants included
36 persons diagnosed as depressed and 36 persons who were not depressed. The mean average age in each group was 34.2 years and the majority in each group had a
college degree. Participants were randomly assigned to the different valence conditions, which were: "suppress-positive-respond-negative; suppress-negative-respond-positive" (Joormann et al, 2005, p. 640). Measures: To identify persons who would be included
in the study, the researchers used the Structured Clinical Interview to determine if the individual met the DSM-IV criteria for depression. The researchers also administered the Beck Depression Inventory and
finally, the first phase of the think-no-think task. Only those scoring at least 50 percent on this final test were included. Materials: The stimuli for the study were: 36
words in each of three categories, negative, neutral and positive nouns selected from the Affective Norms for English Words. These words were also assessed for their degree of concreteness by
a separate panel. This resulted in six sets of words, each comprised of six words. Procedures: The study included three phases: learning, suppression, and final recall test. Participants
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