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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
An 8 page paper discussing the Australopithecines, a group of species believed to be the earliest of the human-like creatures. They lived in Africa between two and four million years ago, and are quite similar to each other in many respects. The Australopithecines fossils are some of the oldest known of the hominids, which comprise the ancestral family of modern humans and human-like species. Each of the five (or six) species walked upright on two legs; the five species are grouped into two divisions. Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis and A. africanus comprise the gracile group, the slender ones from which humans have long been believed to have evolved. Two other species, A. boisei, and A. robustus had much larger jaws and teeth than the species of the gracile group and are referred to the robust group of Australopithecus species that some researchers favor as being the group from which humans evolved. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Page Count:
8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: CC6_KSaustralopiTeeth.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
The Australopithecines is a group of species believed to be the earliest of the human-like creatures. They lived in Africa between two and four million years ago, and are
quite similar to each other in many respects. The Australopithecines fossils are some of the oldest known of the hominids, which comprise the ancestral family of modern humans and
human-like species. Each of the five (or six) species walked upright on two legs; the five species are grouped into two divisions.
Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis and A. africanus comprise the gracile group, the slender ones from which humans have long been believed to have evolved. Two other species, A. boisei,
and A. robustus had much larger jaws and teeth than the species of the gracile group and are referred to the robust group of Australopithecus species. Dental Patterns
Because of these jaw differences, the dental patterns within the two groups create a primary feature on which the five species are classified. Both
gracile and robust species lived in Southern Africa; the others originated in present-day Ethiopia. Those species living in the Southern part of the continent were A. africanus and A.
robustus, members of the gracile and robust groups, respectively. The others were limited to the region of Ethiopia, the place of origin of the earliest known hominid, Ardipithecus ramidus.
Assessing dental stage informs the types of conclusions that researchers can make regarding not only species, but also the developmental stage at the
time of death. Conroy and Vannier (1991) analyzed the dental development stages of six immature A. robustus from Swarktrans "and seven immature Australopithecus africanus individuals from Taung, Sterkfontein, and
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