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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 2 page paper discussing the probability of identity through DNA testing. Long used for paternity testing, forensic databases even now are being constructed listing genotypes of known and convicted offenders. Improvements in test procedures and sensitivity has resulted in probability of identity increasing from 1 in 5,000 to 1 in 82 billion in recent years, making DNA testing one of the most reliable methods of proving identity. Bibliography lists 3 sources. KS-DNA.doc
Page Count:
2 pages (~225 words per page)
File: CC6_KS-DNA.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
by which DNA operates is believed to be nearly completely understood, using DNA for identification purposes still is not entirely foolproof. However, DNA analysis can provide determining factors in
concluding identity, and the method increasingly is used in forensic investigations. The Applied Biosystems Division of Perkin-Elmer Corporation is a leading provider of
forensic tools for DNA-based identity determination. The company has made available a DNA application kit that "improves the Probability of Identity of obtaining the same genotype for two individuals
to an average of 1 in 82 billion from previous PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) systems that provided a Probability of Identity of 1 in 5,000" (Perkin-Elmer Corporation, 1998; p. prc5411).
The kit provides identity information that very nearly approximates fingerprint quality. Currently underway is the construction of a genotype databases of known and convicted offenders.
DNA testing for the purpose of verifying paternity has long been an option, and likely the best option available in that there is a child involved
whose genotype necessarily has to carry a great similarity to those of the mother and the father. In paternity testing, the genotype of the child and the mother is
known, and "probability of identity" applies only to the father. Genetic Profiles (1998), a laboratory specializing in DNA testing they call Aprofiling,@ says
that ADNA paternity testing provides a higher power of exclusion than that obtained by combining multiple traditional testing systems such as HLA and red cell antigen systems. If there is
no exclusion of the alleged father in a paternity case, then a minimum probability of paternity of 99% is ensured with DNA profiling@ (p. advantage). It is even possible to
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