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Criminological theories can generally be grouped because they share specific themes, even though they may differ in structure or in their application. This 5 page paper provides an overview of a hypothetical courtroom observatoin. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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File: MH11_MHCriTh3.rtf
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differential reinforcement all introduce factors related to behaviorism and the impacts of socialization. Similarly, concepts like labeling theory, conflict theory and functionalism theories are based in the dynamics of
interpersonal or group interactions and are shaped by processes, rather than the characteristics of interactions. It is valuable to consider the grouping of specific theories related to their
fundamental characteristics as a basis for developing a view of the continuity of criminological concepts. In conjunction, it is also possible to define the correlation between these theories and
their application in understanding the basic similarities and differences in these two groups of theories. Social/Behaviorist Theories The first set of theories being considered are
social in their base and require a view of some of the factors that influence psychosocial development, including conceptual elements like behaviorism. Both behaviorism and psychoanalysis were defined by
determinism and reductionism, the belief that every behaviors has a cause and the belief that every behavior can be explained relative to the component elements that define the behavior (Robins
et al, 1998). These components were fundamental to the constructs of one of the most significant behaviorists, B.F. Skinner. B.F. Skinner made a significant break through in the
study of behaviors by his operand conditioning theory. Basically stated, Skinner demonstrated that positive reinforcers could directly impact changes in behavior (Robins et al, 1998). Skinner demonstrated this
new methodology using two premises, shaping and chaining (Kalat, 1985). Shaping is the process of providing positive reinforcers for close approximations of desired behaviors, in an attempt to direct
or "shape" the subject. When approximations become regular, the psychologist the changes the expectations, and redirects the subject to an even closer approximation, until the desired outcome has been
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