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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 3 page investigation of the various options that exists for effluent disposal. The autor rejects deep well injection in favor of using reclaimed water to irrigate and even to create man made wetlands. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PpenvWstWtrInj.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
treating the water to tertiary standards and then utilizing deep well injection methodology to discharge the effluent into the groundwater table. Tertiary treated waste water is considered safe to
discharge of in this manner not only because of the quality of the effluent in terms of biological contaminants but also because of its quality in terms of contaminants such
as nitrogen, phosphorous, ammonia and other oxygen demanding substances (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2004). Treating the waste water to any lesser degree and then discharging it into the aquifer,
however, could have serious impacts not just to the environment but also to human health. The US Environmental Protection Agency (2004) clarifies, in fact, that "conventional secondary biological treatment
processes do not remove the phosphorus and nitrogen to any substantial extent". Instead, secondary treatment often results in the conversion of these substances into their mineral forms, forms
which although they are more useful to plants also result in uncontrolled vegetative growth and in particular uncontrolled algae growth (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2004). This has disastrous consequences
when it occurs in surface waters because the waters become eutrophic and unsuitable for many forms of aquatic life. In theory such problems should not be of concern in
deep well injection. In reality, however, deep well injection is an inexact science to say the least. Those wells that are in operation have been surrounded by controversy
surrounding the logic of their operation and seem to present a very real threat to the aquifer. Indeed, for those in the Miami-Dade Florida system that have been in
operation for years it has been calculated that the "effluent has reached the Floridan Aquifer some 30 times faster than first predicted" (McNeil, 2000, p. 4)! Just as importantly,
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