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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 5 page paper provides an overview of the medical problem of congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a term used to describe the outcomes of a number of different conditions, which result in an imbalance in heart pump function and failure to circulate blood and an adequate manner. This condition can result from myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, heart valve defects, and infection. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MH11_MHCHFNu.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
condition can result from myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, heart valve defects, and infection. CHF is commonly categorized as either forward or backward ventricular failure
(Grossman and Brown, 2001). "Backward failure is secondary to elevated systemic venous pressure, while left ventricular failure is secondary to reduced forward flow into the aorta and systemic circulation"
(Grossman and Brown, 2002). At the same time, heart failure itself can be categorized as either systolic or diastolic dysfunction. "Systolic dysfunction is characterized by a dilated left
ventricle with impaired contractility, while diastolic dysfunction occurs in a normal or intact left ventricle with impaired ability to relax and receive as well as eject blood" (Grossman and Brown,
2002). Many people who suffer from congestive heart failure (CHF) have had a myocardial infarction prior to the CHF, and studies have been conducted to assess the correlation
between predictive factors or risk factors for MI and subsequent risk factors for CHF. A number of risk factors can increasing the chance of CHF, and include: cigarette
smoking; family history of CI; diabetes; obesity; high blood pressure; high blood cholesterol; stress, including chronic anger and hostility; and a general lack of physical activity (Clinical Reference Systems, 2001).
The link between behavioral components and risk factors has been a major element in the focus on nursing paradigms and treatment processes that have been related through views of
this problem (Gromberg-Maitland, 2001; See also Lefkowitz and Willerson, 2001). The pathophysiology of CHF is linked to what has been described as "an imbalance in Starling forces or "an
imbalance in the degree of end-diastolic fiber stretch" in direct proportion "to the systolic mechanical work expended in an ensuing contraction" (Grossman and Brown, 2001). The imbalance created results
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