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A 5 page research paper that offers brief summations of classical and biological/biosocial approaches to criminology and then briefly compares them. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khbbsvclas.rtf
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formulating criminology theories in a simple, straightforward manner, Farrington writes that criminology theory pertains to "why lower-class boys commit more offenses than upper-class boys" (Farrington, 2008, p. 1). Numerous criminological
theories have developed over the course of the last several decades due to the realization of criminologists that the classical theories on criminal behavior and delinquency are empirically inadequate (Elliot,
1985). The following examination of this topic compares two theories: the biological/biosocial perspective, which is compared to classical criminology theoretical views. The Classical School While there are contemporary versions
of classical thought, such as the rational choice models of criminology, in general, formulation of classical criminology theory is attributed to Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794) and Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)(Greek, 2005). Also,
contemporary versions of classical criminology thinking are frequently referred to as the neo-classical school. At the time when Beccaria was formulating his thinking in criminology, it is significant to consider
that Europe was in process of leaving behind traditional institutions, such as feudalism and absolute monarchy, as they developed in modern nation-states (Greek, 2005). Criminal justice was one of the
many areas that needed urgently needed reform. Throughout Europe, the use of torture to elicit confessions and compel self-incriminating statements was a widely used practice (Greek, 2005). Capital punishment was
typically combined with estate forfeiture, so the condemned mans wife and children were destitute. This is the sociopolitical climate in which Beccaria developed his theory concerning criminal behavior and
how it should be controlled by society. Beccaria, Bentham and other Utilitarian thinkers were influenced by the Enlightenment philosophers, such as "Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau" (Greek, 2005). The main
tenet of Classical theory is that crime occurs because the perceived benefits outweigh the risk of negative consequences. Therefore people pursue their self-interest if there is a lack of punishments
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