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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This is a 3 page paper that provides an overview of the theories of James and Adler. Points of contrast and comparison are explored. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KW60_KFpsy026.doc
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psychologists have nothing near to a consensus for explaining such phenomena. If anything, the passage of time has led to greater divergences in thought within the field. However, it is
this different array of theoretical perspectives that makes the study of psychology so rich, and in the end, it is likely a synthesis of many different theoretical approaches that comes
closest to the actual truth of human experience. Nevertheless, to understand psychology, one must understand the theoretical assumptions that have been prominent in the field over the years, and how
they relate to one another. This paper will explore the theoretical perspectives to two major thinkers, Williams James and Alfred Adler, in this context. This paragraph helps the student introduce
William James and his views. William James is often called the first major American psychologist, for the simple reason that he was the first thinker to introduce a real element
of thoughtful criticism into American psychology. Before James, psychology in the United States was primarily focused on scientific explanations for psychological phenomena, and attempted to explain human consciousness and behavior
in shockingly mechanistic terms. Once James arrived on the scene, he was incredibly dismissive of the claims to scientific objectivity made by many prominent psychologists. He derided the quality of
their experiments and famously made the claim that psychology was not yet truly a science, but was "only the hope of a science" (Goodwin, 2008). Because James felt that scientific
understanding of the brain and the human organism as a whole was not yet advanced enough to carry out objective experimentation regarding psychological phenomena except through the use of approximate
metrics, he adapted a new system that emphasized "introspective observation" as "what we have to rely on first and foremost and always" (Goodwin, 2008). In other words, James held that
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