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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 4 page paper compares and contrasts the two processes of motivation; expectancy theory and goal setting theory, looking at the way in which they are perceived as operating and how they can explain motivation, as well as be utilized to increase levels of employee motivation. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TS14_TEexpecgoal.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
theories, which incorporates theories such as Maslows hierarchy of needs and the two factor theory of Hertzberg, and processed theories, which include expectancy theory and goal setting theory. Process theories
tend to see a lesser amount of attention, but have a high level of importance of linking to other theories such as equity theory. In order to test these theories
expectancy theory and goal setting theory can be compared and contrasted. Expectancy theory was developed by Vroom (1964), the underlying idea is that employees would make a conscious choice regarding
whether or not they would perform well, and the level to which they would perform in the workplace. The way in which the choice was made it individuals motivation. There
are three factors that have an impact on the way motivation manifests within an employee these are valence, instrumentality and expectancy.
Valence is the desirability of an outcome from the individuals perspective and reflects the emotional orientation of an individual, and is heavily influenced by the individuals psychological makeup. In order
to be motivated the individual need to see the potential reward is desirable themselves, reflecting intrinsic beliefs (Vroom, 1964). Therefore, individuals who value money may be motivated towards a
goal that will increase the amount of money they receive, however an individual who values peace of mind is likely to avoid work that exposes them to risk. When considering
valence it should be noted that this is the expected satisfaction that an employee will hope to achieve, and should not be confused with the actual satisfaction. Where an individual
does not have any positive orientation towards achieving employment also will help no valance (Vroom, 1964). Expectancy reflects the strength of the
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