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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A paper which considers the physiological changes which occur at the fracture site in a closed fracture of the lower limb in the first 24 hours after injury and the way that these relate to subsequent healing processes. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: JL5_JLfracture.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
simple or closed fracture is distinguished from an open fracture because there is no protrusion of the bone through the skin. However, closed fractures may be of several different types,
such as greenstick, transverse, spiral or oblique, all of which may occur in lower limb injury. With an open fracture, the injury is much easier to identify and assess: the
physiological changes which occur with a closed fracture may resemble other medical conditions and not all individuals present with the same symptoms. In general, however, closed fractures result in pain,
swelling and some degree of deformity at the site of the injury, possibly accompanied by warmth, bruising or redness, and there may be lessened mobility in the injured limb.
Closed fractures need to be identified and reduced
as soon as possible following the injury and it is also necessary to ensure that blood flow to the site is not compromised, especially if there is damage to vascular
tissues as well as to bone. As noted by Dowding (2004) the physiological changes which constitute the healing process begin immediately and consist of a number of continuous stages. There
is first the formation of hematoma at the injury site: the bleeding into the site allows the appropriate cells to be carried to the wound, including the osteoblasts which will
produce the collagen needed for new bone to be laid down. A soft tissue procallus is formed and loose fibrin is laid down in the course of the inflammatory response.
Tissue repair is undertaken by macrophages and fibroblasts which migrate to the site of the injury. The soft procallus is converted to a fibrocartilagenous callus: this is stronger and has
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