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This 5 page paper explains what is meant by classical conditioning and operant conditioning and how they are achieved. Numerous examples are cited to illustrate points raised. The bibliography cites 5 sources.
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TS14_TEcondit.rtf
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this experiment dog were given foods and the salivation was measured (Woolfolk, 1993). The conditions then began, immediately prior to the dogs receiving the food Pavlov would ring a bell,
until the dogs associated the sound of the bell with the presentation of the food (Woolfolk, 1993). The response of the dog became on conditions to the bell, salivating when
the bell rang even rather than when the food was presented. The ringing of the bell solicited a psychological response the same as the food itself (Woolfolk, 1993).
In the development of these studies Pavlov also defined some useful terminology regarding conditioning that is still used today; Unconditional stimulus (UCS), "a stimulus that,
without conditions, will elicit a predictable response" (Woolfolk, 1993). Unconditional response (UCR), "a response that, without conditions, results predictably from an unconditional stimulus" (Woolfolk, 1993). Conditional stimulus (CS), "a stimulus
that will elicit a predictable response because of its previous pairing with a previously occurring reflex" (Woolfolk, 1993), and conditional response (CR), "a predictable response to a stimulus that has
influence because of its previous pairing with a previously occurring reflex." (Woolfolk, 1993). This is a good point from which to start wit a consideration of what classical conditioning is
and how it is used, and how it compared with operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is used by many animal trainers to produce
a desired autonomic response, such as the drooling in Pavlovs dogs, an increase in adrenalin, alternatively it may be used to develop a calming response, lowering the amount of adrenalin
that an animal is producing (Woolfolk, 1993). This is developed so that the response can be elicited without the need for the usual stimuli using a conditional stimulus (Woolfolk, 1993).
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