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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 2 page research paper that defines what is meant by the term 'middle kingdom' and gives insight into how Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism interacted in the development of Chinese political culture. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Page Count:
2 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_90china.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
term that the Chinese had for their country was the "Middle Kingdom"?it was the "ruler of the four seas" and the embodiment of all knowledge and civilization (Dunne 13).
Countries outside the Middle Kingdom were seen by the Chinese as being strictly tributary states to the only important political entity in the world?which was China. Envoys of other governments
were expected to kowtow to the Chinese Emperor as an act of acknowledgement of Chinas superiority (Dunne 13). While historians from Western countries have been inclined to see history
from a distinctly Western point of view, when one considers for a moment the incredible longevity and strength of the Chinese empire and how it dominated that section of the
world for centuries, one can see the early Chinese point of view. When Westerners first encountered China, they confronted an uninterrupted land empire of three hundred million people living
with a "rational, internally consistent political framework" (Woodside 220). In the entirety of Western civilization no such polity has ever exited (Woodside 220). After all, with Confucianism, Chinese
monarchies achieved one of the most advanced forms of politics prior to the period of the Western Enlightenment. As a matter of fact, the Confucian monarchs achieved for China what
many of the Wests most modern pre-Enlightenment philosophers wanted for Europe (Woodside 191). Thomas Hobbes, for example, proposed that the ideal monarch would be an exemplary Christian king who
would unite within himself both civil and ecclesiastical powers and become both the "civil sovereign" of his people and their "supreme pastor" (Woodside 191). This is a fairly accurate description
of the role of the Chinese emperor. Political power in China rested upon a mixture of Confucian ethics and law (Woodside 191). Confucian ethics were enshrined in the obligations
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