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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page paper. The writer defends this statement: Consistent and predictable care is essential to the social and emotional development of the child by citing Freud and Erikson's stages of development and Bowlby and Ainsworth's attachment theory. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGchd16.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
toddler and young child needs the security of nurturing and positive experiences in order to develop at an optimal level. Freud provided psychosexual stages of development; those that occur
during these first six years are: * The Oral Stage: Birth to 1 year. Infant interested in sucking, and exploring tastes as well as gaining food and nutrition
(Stevenson, 1996). * The Anal Stage: Ages 1 or 1/2 - about 3: Toilet training during this stage, child may become obsessed with the anus and gaining different controls he
has over his body and may use this control in conflict against parents. Parent need to be nurturing, not too strict and not too lenient in toiler training to allow
the toddler to have control but to understand the necessity of using the toilet (Stevenson, 1996). * The Phallic Stage: Age 3 to 5 or 6 years old: Freud says
this is the age when boys develop the Oedipus complex and girls develop the Electra complex. Children become interested in their genitals at this age. There are a lot of
conflicting emotions for the toddler during these years towards both same-sex parent and opposite-sex parent; they feel love and aggression or envy towards the same-sex parent. The resolution of these
conflicts does not come for years and sometimes, it is never completely resolved. The superego develops more during these years, also. It is important for parents to nurture and encourage
appropriate gender roles during these years so that healthy relationships can be developed with both parents (Stevenson, 1996). Erikson discussed the psychosocial stages of development. Very briefly, those that occur
during these years are: 1. Stage 1: Infancy, birth to age 1 year. The infant is totally dependent on others to meet all needs. The infant has no choice but
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