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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 4 page paper looks at whether it is possible for civilizations to fall, or whether they simply change and transform. The different views and a discussion of both the Roman Empire and the Mayan Empire are used to assess the ideas. The paper then looks at if civilizations can fall how they may be identified. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TS14_TEfallciv.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
idea major civilization can simply fail and fall. However, when looking for evidence of this type of failure one may be left with a different opinion; rather than falling, civilizations
are transformed into something different. Therefore we are left with the questions, do civilizations fall, and if they do how may it be recognised? Can Civilizations Fall? When looking back
as some of the best known civilizations which on an initial inspection may be assumed as falling one may realise that there are a number of remnants, in terms of
physical remains, oral histories and peoples. With the ongoing existence of the descendents and possible remaining values and traditions one may argue that instead of a fall this is merely
a transformation. Hunt (et al, 2001, p246) argues this is certainly the case with the Roman Empire, but is she right? When looking at the concept of a fall,
we may define this as a total collapse. Yoffee (1982, p2) states that for there to be a fall or collapse the different levels of the society need to break
down into the different fragmented institutional groups where there are only partial overlaps of interest and as well as opposing forces present. Toynebee (1935, p5) describes breakdowns in civilizations
as failures of those civilizations to ascend from the stage of primitive humanity to a type of superhuman being. This is seen as incorporating a loss of creative power and
ability to sufficiently manage the environment; this includes the inability of the civilization to maintain its infrastructure (Toynebee, 1935, p5). This is argued as being accompanied by the ability to
self determine. As these patterns occur there is an increasingly mechanical response at the societal level, rather than the development of creative responses to challenges. Societies will then petrify, with
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