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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 9 page paper. For more than three decades, a battle has raged over the most effective approach to reading instruction. Is phonics or whole language better when teaching reading? This paper discusses the controversy from each of the perspectives, explaining each along with their respective advantages or benefits. The writer suggests a balanced approach may be the answer to end the controversy. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Page Count:
9 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGrdphw.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
on for decades but as Reyhner points out, it is now being carried out in popular media as well as in the hallowed halls of state and federal legislators (Reyhner,
2003). Observers note that the reading war, the battle, has become very political (Wren, 2003). Political conservatives typically promote phonics as a "back-to-basics approach" to fix reading achievement while political
liberals have promoted whole language approach and describing phonics as being elitist or even racist (Wren, 2003). As Wren pointedly stated: "the reading wars has been one of the most
destructive forces in reading education. The battles have grown from ideological differences to personal, politically charged attacks on character" (Wren, 2003). Who is caught in the middle of these battles?
The teachers and worse, the children (Wren, 2003). Not only do we see this controversy becoming more heated, over the years we have also seen new terminology for these
two models of reading instruction: the bottom up model and the top down model (found in the literature with and without hyphens, i.e., bottom-up, top-down). Bottom up models are those
based on decoding the graphic symbols of letters into sounds (TESS Network and Commission of The European Communities, n.d.). As this organization explained the bottom up model: "the reader first
identifies features of letters; links these features together to recognize letters; combines letters to recognize spelling patterns; links spelling patterns to recognize words; and then proceeds to sentence, paragraph and
text level processing" (TESS Network and Commission of The European Communities, n.d.). The top down model is a whole language model that begins with the readers own base of experiences
and prior knowledge (TESS Network and Commission of The European Communities, n.d.). These models have the reader making educated guesses about what some printed sentence means (TESS Network and Commission
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