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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the book The Ghost Map by Steven Johnson. This paper relates how views of the spread of cholera led to advances in approaches to epidemiology. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
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10 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MH11_MHghostmap.rtf
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time and why some people were exposed and others, living in fairly close proximity, were not. Johnson recognized that the work of John Snow, a doctor in London, with
the support of clergyman Henry Whitehead, were able to relate specific methods for the transmissions of cholera, including a view of the essential role that water played in the spread
of the disease. The story presented in this book relates the idea that early studies and the epidemiological data related by John Snow set the stage for understanding the
spread of specific bacterium, including cholera, through fecal-oral transmission resulting from access to contaminated water. Conditions in the City Johnsons book related the belief that the city played a
changing and dynamic role in the spread of cholera, and actually acted as a distinct element in defining how the outbreak occurred in a specific region, killing many people
in a specific neighborhood, while sparing those who had better sanitation and access to clean water. Johnsons first chapters outlined not only the conditions in the city, but
the nature of the people who lived in the poor region where the outbreak occurred and the city functions that led to degraded environmental conditions ripe for cholera.
Johnson described the people who lived within the city as a group of somewhat organized scavengers. "The scavengers...lived in a world of excrement and death" (Johnson 2). It
was Johnsons contention that the water systems were used as the basis for discarding everything from vast amounts of human waste to human bodies. Though "...modern cities possess elaborate
systems for managing the waste generated by their inhabitants," the city of Victorian England was not so lucky (Johnson 3). In fact, none of the systems that are currently
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