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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 7 page research paper that examines specific functions and characteristics of these cell. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
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7 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khblccel.rtf
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intricacies of this disease (Sadler and Brendler, 1999). There are several types of bladder tumors and they can be grouped into several types based on the way that they appear
under a microscope (ACS, 2005). The four main types of cancers that affect the bladder are: 1. urothelial carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma 2. squamous cell carcinoma 3. adenocarcinoma and
4. small cell (ACS, 2005). These types of cancer cells can also grow in the lining of the kidney, the ureters and the urethra (ACS, 2005). Urothelial
cells line the bladder and urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma is the most frequent form of bladder cancer (ACS, 2005). Only about 4 percent of bladder cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.
Under a microscope, these cells look very much like cells from skin cancers (ACS, 2005). Only about 1 to 2 percent of bladder cancers are adenocarcinomas and these cells are
similar to the gland-forming cells of intestinal cancers. This examination of bladder cancer cells looks at specific functions and characteristics of these cells. Bladder cancer typically originates within the
bladder lining, which consists of a mucous layer of surface cells that expand and deflate (transitional epithelial cells), smooth muscle and a fibrous layer (Bladder cancer, 2005). Tumors are designated
as either low-stage (superficial) or high-stage (muscle invasive). In industrialized countries (the US, Canada, France), more than 90 percent of bladder cancers occur in the transitional epithelial cells (referred to
transitional cell carcinoma) and in developing countries, 75 percent of cases are squamous cell carcinomas, which are caused by Schistosoma haematobium (parasitic organism) infection (Bladder cancer, 2005). Additionally, rare forms
of bladder cancer include small cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, primary lymphoma and sarcoma (Bladder cancer, 2005). Scientists have realized for decades that cancer cells consume more glucose than normal cells
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