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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper provides a response to two specific topics, one on the development of a differential diagnosis for bipolar disorder and the other related to the misuse of mood stabilizers. This paper outlines some existing literature on both issues. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Page Count:
3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MH11_MHbipo456.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
is often described as unipolar corresponding with the presence of depressive symptoms of manic episodes. Bipolar II is frequently diagnosed when both manic and depressive episodes occur and the
cycling between the two is a noted characteristic of the disorder (Antai-Otong, 2005). Antai-Ontog (2004) maintained that Bipolar II is diagnosed when there is a "recurrent major depressive episodes
with a lifelong history of one or more hypomanic episodes of at least 4 days duration" (p. 125). In cases of Bipolar I, individuals generally do not demonstrate hypomania
and usually have only mania, but the severity of manic and depressive episodes in Bipolar II exceeds those in Bipolar I (Antai-Otong, 2004). Bipolar II is frequently distinguished because
of the diagnosing characteristics, including "...lower age at onset, more atypical features, more recurrences, and higher heritability"(Antai-Otong, 2004, p. 125). Differential
diagnoses for Bipolar II often include Bipolar I or a Major Depressive Episode, defined primarily because of the severity of the depressive symptoms identified in Bipolar II and the minimization
of episodic mania. Sometimes narrative histories provided by patients also result in the minimization of episodic mania, which leads to the differential diagnosis. Patients with a family history
of Bipolar II are more likely to develop the disorder, and this hereditary component has become the center of genomic research into the methods for addressing and treating the disorder
(Buckley, 2008). Neurochemical correlations between Bipolar Disorder and conditions like schizophrenia have led to the use of mood
stabilizers and reference similar pharmacological and pharmacokinetic functions. Research suggests that biological and neurochemical processes present in Bipolar II are also present in conditions that respond positively to the
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