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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page research paper that contrasts and compares Alfred Adler's approach to therapy with the Transactional Analytical approach, in regards to bipolar disorder. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khtabip.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Sometimes, theorist agree with Freud; sometimes they differ. For example, according to one of Freuds peers, Alfred Adler, an individual is a "whole entity" and not a composite of various
parts that can be reduced to the Freudian designations of ego, superego and id (Osborn, 2001). Adler advocated that each human being should be regarded as unique person who
"thinks, feels and behaves as a unified whole" (Osborn, 2001, p. 244). He saw human behavior as being pulled forward by constructed goals, rather than pushed from behind by "predetermined
explanations or instinctual drives" (Osborn, 2001, p. 244). Oberst and Stewart (2003) state that "psychotherapy involves helping clients to manage or overcome problems such as major depression, bipolar disorders, schizophrenia
and various personality disorders" (p. 50). However, these authors also indicate that Adlerian interventions span the expanse between counseling clients and offering psychotherapeutic interventions by "addressing a wide variety of
client problems with a number of different conceptualizations and technical approaches" (Obsest and Stewart, 2003, p. 50). In the 1950s, Eric Berne began to develop his theories of Transactional Analysis,
which are based on verbal communication being the starting point of all human social interaction, as well as the center of psychoanalysis (Chapman, 2005). Transactional Analysis examines human interaction on
this basis; however, rather than using the Freudian concepts of ego, superego and id, Berne found the concepts of parent, adult and child to be more applicable (Chapman, 2005). The
"parent" constitutes the "taught" concept of life; "adult is the "thought" concept; and the "child" part of personality refers to the feelings (Chapman, 2005). Berne theorized that successful communication
("transactions) go from the same ego states in regards to both the sender and the receiver. As this indicates, Transactional Analysis, like Adlerian therapy, draws on the legacy of Freudian
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