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Behaviorist and Cognitive Theories on Childhood Aggression:This 8-page analytical essay compares the subject of childhood aggression relevant to the theories espoused by B. F. Skinner, John B. Watson and Jean Piaget. The merits and insufficiencies of each school of thought is examined. Childhood aggression and subsequent violence: Is there any one definitive solution? Bibliography lists 5 sources. SNCognit.doc
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8 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_SNCognit.doc
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been widely discussed in both the psychology and education fields.) To learn, Piaget stressed the holistic approach. He asserted that a child constructs understanding through many channels: reading,
listening, exploring and experiencing his environment. Moreover, shortly after birth children begin to display the beginnings of both aggression and socially constructive behavior. The earliest signs of aggression
are the angry responses of newborns when their rhythmic sucking has been interrupted. However, although aggression is a behavior difficult to define it generally refers to situations where
one person commits an action that hurts another. As children mature two forms of aggression are apparent: instrumental aggression and hostile aggression. Instrumental aggression is directed at obtaining something desirable,
by threatening or hitting another child to obtain a wanted object. Conversely, hostile aggression is more specifically aimed at hurting another, either for revenge or as a way of establishing
dominance. Observations across a variety of cultural settings suggest that by 2 years of age children are concerned with ownership rights. In addition, the possession itself (as well as
the possibility of winning, were new elements in their interactions. Between 3 and 6 years, the expression of aggression undergoes several other related changes. While physical conflict over possessions decreases,
the amount of verbal aggression such as threats or insults increases. During this stage, person-directed or hostile aggression where one child attempts to hurt another also appears (Aggression and
Its Intricacies, 2001 and Child Development of a Theory of Knowledge, 2001). On the other hand, behaviorisms philosophical orientation emphasizes the importance of the environment in shaping desired
behaviors. Utilizing the scientific method for research design, behaviorism is characterized most commonly as the science of human behavior. Following the work of early theorists -- most predominantly B. F.
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