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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page paper that explains and discusses specific concepts and approaches. The concepts explained are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment. The two interventions explained are Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) and Response Cost, including examples. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGdrorc.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
certain words and phrases. Skinner described reinforcement as something that increases the likelihood a specific behavior will occur again (PageWise, Inc., 2005). The consequences of any specific action will
either reinforce the behavior or The other side of the coin is punishment (PageWise, Inc., 2005). Behaviors that are punished are less likely to be repeated (PageWise, Inc., 2005).
Skinners operant conditioning basically says that any behavior that is reinforced will be continued and/or increased while any behavior that is punished will be decreased or eliminated. Furthermore, a reinforcer
is anything than sustains or increases the frequency of a behavior while a punisher is anything that extinguishes or decreases the frequency of a behavior. One phrase causes many people
a problem and it is very often incorrectly explained or defined. That is negative reinforcement. The phrase sounds a bit like an oxymoron. Many seem to think that negative reinforcement
will stop a behavior; that is not true. A punisher stops a behavior. This is still a reinforcer and thus, increases the behavior. An undesirable event or condition is a
negative reinforcer (Mattaini, 1996). Remember what Skinner said - a reinforcer of any kind increases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated (Mattaini, 1996). In effect, negative reinforcement is a
reinforcer because a negative or unpleasant condition is avoided or stopped as a consequence of the behavior. A good example is the typical teenager who never cleans his room.
The parent punishes the teen by grounding him. The teen does not want to clean the room, it is unpleasant but it is more unpleasant to be grounded so he
cleans his room. The teen avoids the more unpleasant condition. Mattaini (1996) explains that people will do all kinds of things to avoid something that is unpleasant, to avoid feeling
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