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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 3 page paper discusses barriers to women's advancement from utilitarian and deontological perspectives. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_HVBarWmn.rtf
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to that of men, even for the identical work. This paper discusses barriers to womens advancement from utilitarian and deontological perspectives. Discussion Women are still lagging behind men in pay,
and in opportunity. Although the wage gap is less than it was, its still "significant. Women earned 59% of the wages men earned in 1963; in 2002 they earned 76%
of mens wages-an improvement of less than half a penny a year" (Brunner, 2006). However, women are not only falling behind in pay, but in advancement opportunities. There are three
levels to the advancement of qualified women and minorities: societal barriers; the "difference" barrier; and governmental barriers (Redwood, 1996). Societal barriers include "a supply barrier related to educational opportunities and
the level of job attainment"; the "difference" barrier refers to the fact that most people who hire others are "feel most comfortable hiring people who look like them" (Redwood, 1996).
This speaks to the prevalence of stereotyping in our society, and means that if men do the hiring, they will largely hire men; white men will hire white men, and
so on. "Stereotypes must be confronted with hard data because, if left unrefuted, they become factual in the popular mind and reinforce glass ceiling barriers" (Redwood, 1996). Finally, governmental barriers
"include the collection and disaggregation of employment related data which make it difficult to ascertain the status of various groups at the managerial level" (Redwood, 1996). Also, there is a
perception that the glass ceiling is no longer an issue, which is untrue, so its underreported (Redwood, 1996). Finally, and most importantly, "there needs to be vigorous and consistent monitoring
and enforcement of laws and policies already on the books" (Redwood, 1996). These factors suggest that there are substantial barrier to the advancement of women, and that in some cases
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