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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page review of AIDS, its causes, epidemiology and current state of treatment. The author notes the disparity of infection levels across the world. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPaids2.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
pathogen known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (Moore, 2004). First discovered in 1993, HIV has swept the world taking a tremendous toll in human life and medical resources (Moore,
2004). The virus currently infects some forty million people (Moore, 2004). It attacks the human immune system making it ineffective in fighting disease or sickness caused by microbial
organisms. Although numerous treatments are in the experimental stages and several drugs have been used successfully to temporarily prolong the lives of persons infected with AIDS, a cure has
yet to be discovered. Nor has a vaccine. HIV, a lentivirus subgroup of retroviruses, enters the white blood cells of its human
host. It attacks the thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and in particular the specialized helper T-cells called CD4 cells. Once it enters a cell HIV proceeds to duplicate itself by
making a copy of its ribonucleic acid (RNA), its genetic material, and translating this genetic information into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and integrating itself into the chromosomes of the affected cell.
This duplication process is carried out with the help of an enzymatic reaction controlled by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. When a HIV virus is ready to duplicate it
forms long precursor chains of polyproteins which split, under the direction of another enzyme called protease, into individually functioning viral cells. Protease is a protein cleaving enzyme which cuts
the long chains into individual units needed for viral replication and assembly. Unlike normal cellular reproduction, HIV infected cells have the ability to
mutate rapidly. This is largely caused by the duplication process controlled by reverse transcriptase. In creating viral DNA from RNA the cell is reversing the typical duplicative process,
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