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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 4 page paper that offers a summary of a study article by Ribeiro-Carvalho, et al (2011) that entailed studying mice to determine a possible relationship between nicotine and alcohol exposure in adolescents and depression. No other sources cited.
Page Count:
4 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KL9_khartsmani.doc
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
their onset during adolescence while the nervous system is still in the process of maturation. As adolescents most frequently use and abuse alcohol and nicotine, Ribeiro-Carvalho, et al (2011) designed
their animal study to explore the effects of ethanol and nicotine on the behavior of C57BL/6 adolescent male and female mice. Methodology: There were four groups of mice, with
each group exposed to different experimental conditions. The first group was exposed to nicotine and ethanol; the second, just nicotine; and the third, just ethanol. The fourth group is described
with one word, "vehicle" (p. 282), which is, frankly, a reference that this writer/tutor does not understand. Perhaps, this is terminology referring to a control group. The mice were given
nicotine dissolved in a solution of water and saccharin and they were injected with ethanol every other day. In regards to both substances, the amounts were designed to simulate the
quantities of both drugs consumed by human adolescents, with the ethanol consumption mimicking a pattern of binge drinking. In animal behavior, immobility is understood to be indicative of depression.
Each mouse was subjected to a forced swimming test (FST), which entailed placing the mouse in a water-filled plastic container. The response of normal mice, which have not been exposed
to drugs, when placed in water is to swim vigorously and frantically claw at the side of the container in an effort to escape (Ribeiro-Carvalho, et al, 2011). Therefore, the
researchers evaluated the time in which the animal was immobile, that is, when it was floating, completely still. In addition to the FST, the researchers also conducted an endurance
swimming test, during which the animal had a load equaling 12 percent of its body weight attached to its tail. The mouse was evaluated as fatigued when it was too
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