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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 5 page research paper that discusses the ethical positions of Aristotle, Kant, and Mills (utilitarianism). In regard to the concepts of responsibility and punishment, the writer discusses what each of these philosophers considered to be the basis on which actions should be judged as ethical. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khakmeth.rtf
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(2001) points out that the persistent interest in this topic appears to be connected with the idea that being a "person," a "human being," is inherently connected with the fact
that people can act as responsible moral agents. Various philosophers have addressed the nature of what is "moral," and, in so doing, formulated moral theories that reflect justification for
punishment based on not fulfilling the tenets of a specific moral system. In other words, for the purposes of this discussion, "responsibility" is taken to be synonymous with actions that
are judged "morally responsible." On the other hand, there is consensus among philosophers that actions that are not morally reasonable merit punishment from society. The major question., however, is
what sort of actions deserve praise and which deserve blame. Aristotle (384-323 BCE) was one of the first philosophers to construct an explicit theory of moral responsibility (Eshleman, 2001). In
his text Nicomachean Ethics (book 3), he pauses in a discussion of human virtues and vices, to consider the philosophy underlying his position, that is, that "it is sometimes appropriate
to respond to an agent with praise or blame on the basis of her (or his) actions and/or dispositional traits of character" (Eshleman, 2001). A little later on, Aristotle qualifies
his position by specifying that only a certain kind of agent can qualify as a moral agent, and thus subject to the ascriptions of responsibility. This qualification consists of
the ability to make decisions (Eshleman, 2001). For Aristotle, a decision is "a particular kind of desire resulting from deliberation, one that expresses the agents conception of what is good"
(Eshleman, 2001). Aristotle then details the conditions under which an agent should be praised or blamed for particular actions. Aristotle felt that an action could be judged only if the
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