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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 14 page contention that the manner in which we gather and analyze information for the purpose of coming to conclusions is plagued by a variety of problems. These problems are not limited to one field or another. Indeed, analytical fallacies plague analysts in all fields of endeavor and can affect us in everything from academic and scientific research to interpersonal relations. The author lists and discusses the more common analytical fallacies and uses them to investigate the Jon Benet Ramsey murder case as well as other realms of society where these fallacies are common. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Page Count:
14 pages (~225 words per page)
File: AM2_PPanalys.rtf
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analyze information for the purpose of coming to conclusions is plagued by a variety of problems. These problems are not limited to one field or another. Indeed, analytical
fallacies plague analysts in all fields of endeavor and can affect us in everything from academic and scientific research to interpersonal relations. Inductive fallacies are among the more common
types of analytical fallacies. Inductive fallacies include hasty generalizations, unrepresentative samples, false analogies, "slothful" inductions, and fallacy of exclusion (Downs, 1996). The
human mind is, in effect, a blank tablet awaiting information. Information can be added through two processes. Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is not based
on science or experiment but instead on generalities and assumptions. When inductive reasoning is employed assumptions are based on psychological calculations and past experiences. The process of induction,
therefore, is largely a process of intuition but it is also a process which is most readily equated with empirical view of knowledge. Induction is the opposite of deduction.
In the deductive process the facts and circumstances of a situation are weighed out and a logical decision is made utilizing those facts and circumstances. In induction the
opposite is true, reasoning progresses from the particular to the general. Induction is a component of the rationalist view of knowledge.
As has been noted above, numerous types of analytical fallacies interlace the inductive process. Hasty generalization, for example, occurs when our knowledge base or sample size is insufficient
to support the inductive process and yield valid information about a population (Downs, 1996). An unrepresentative sample is just as concerning in the inductive process, however. There the
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