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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
12 pages in length. The American criminal justice system face myriad challenges that threaten to undermine the very policies enacted to make the penal structure work smoothly amidst the ever-expansive criminal element. Examining the problems that exist within the system finds greater attention being paid to three specific issues pertaining to incarceration: prison overcrowding, prison privatization and the increase in women convicts. The main objective of this paper is to provide a literature review of research previously accomplished in each of the three areas as a way to synthesize - via the results - how they are all part of the same problem. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
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12 pages (~225 words per page)
File: LM1_TLCcrmjus3.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
criminal element. Examining the problems that exist within the system finds greater attention being paid to three specific issues pertaining to incarceration: prison overcrowding, prison privatization and the increase
in women convicts sentenced to prison. The main objective of this paper is to provide a literature review of previously accomplished research in each of the three areas as
a way to synthesize - via the studies results - how they are all a component of the same problem. II. PRISON OVERCROWDING
The United States lays claim the worlds highest incarceration rate as a direct result of federal minimum sentencing requirements mandated by law in the 1980s. The result is
that state correctional prison budgets are exploding and the national inmate population stands at no less than 1.5 million prisoners as of 2004 (U.S. Department of Justice, 2005). Finding
a viable solution to the problem has been plaguing a number of states, not the least of which is California, inasmuch as "...overcrowding requires an expansion of facilities or a
dropping of the intake rate. Prison officials have no control over the capacities of their institutions or over the number of offenders that are sent to them by the
courts" (Jerin, 2004). What serves as a viable alternative, however, is highly suspect to being influenced by nothing other than the need to relieve overcrowding rather than reducing recidivism
rates. A review of the prison crowding research and the effects of crowding in relation to prison violence and illness shows how the inconsistency of existing data renders any generalization
impossible. Fifteen years ago, Gaes (1994) gathered myriad studies on health, violence and recidivism as they relate to prison overcrowding and found a significant bias much of the research
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