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A 3 page essay that briefly looks at the "transformational" literature of this period, which the writer argues is exemplified by Mark Twain and Henry James, in that their writing reflected the social upheaval of the time. Bibliography lists 1 source.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: D0_khalto14.rtf
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was proceeding from an agrarian lifestyle toward industrialization, largely rural to vast urban centers. This incredible transformation of a continent involved "incalculable suffering for million of people" while others
prospered (Baym, et al 4). Just as the culture itself was undergoing transformation, "new themes, new forms, new subjects new regions new authors (and) new audiences" all emerged in American
literature (Baym, et al 5). Characters that were rarely pictured in fiction prior to the American Civil War became stables, while also reflecting a new realistic perception of the world.
Two of the greatest artists of this era, Henry James and Mark Twain, exemplify this point as they both understood that "language was an interpretation of the real rather
than the real thing itself" (Baym, et al 8). Twains Huckleberry Finn realistically captured the idiosyncrasies of colloquial and vernacular speech, rather than reflecting the "high-flown rhetoric" of the
previous era (Baym et al 8). Furthermore, Twain, in this portrayal of the antebellum South, portrayed a perspective that reflected a more egalitarian perspective on slavery that was commiserate with
the later half of the nineteenth century. By aiding Jim, a runaway slave, according to Southern pre-war culture, Huck was "stealing" from Jims owner. In Huck Finn, Twain carefully
shows how the Huck was socialized by his culture to look on slavery as an economic and moral necessity, not as an evil. In so doing, Twain shows how the
Southern culture offered Huck no real moral guidance and he portrays how Huck has to decide to disregard everything he has been taught about slavery in order to do the
moral thing and help Jim elude capture. As this demonstrates, Twain pictured the dramatic transformation in societal attitudes that had taken place over the last half century. Likewise, Henry
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