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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
This 35 page paper presents an overview of the research on after school programs in preparation for a study to be conducted. The Introduction offers an overview and background of the importance of after school programs and the catalysts for them; definitions of specific terms are provided as are four questions for the study that focuses on 5th grade students. A comprehensive literature review includes information about the No Child Left Behind Act, after school programs in operation, and the results of studies investigating the success and effectiveness of these programs. Bibliography lists 29 sources.
Page Count:
35 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGaspncl.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
single-parent households than ever before, mostly headed by a working mother. There are more households where both parents are working. These conditions leave a very distinct problem - children who
need supervision between the time school dismisses for the day and the time a parent arrives home from work. Klein and Bolus (2002) reported: "Approximately 44 percent of the children
with working parents have no adult care after school." Sanderson (2003) commented: "too many young students return home to empty houses at the end of the traditional school day" (p.
13). Low-income children are far more likely to be left on their own, alone during those hours after school than are children from more affluent homes (Klein and Bolus, 2002).
In a document published by the state of New Jersey (2002), the writer reported that "nearly half of all households with children are run by a single parent." Shumow
(2001) echoed a concern of many: "children who are unsupervised during the after-school hours can suffer an array of negative developmental outcomes." President Clinton once stated: "We must make sure
that every child has a safe and enriching place to go after school so that children can say no to drugs and alcohol and crime, and yes to reading, soccer,
computers and a brighter future for themselves" (U.S. Department of Education, 1998). It has long been known that quality after school care reduces juvenile crime and delinquency as well
as reducing the number of children who become victims of crime (U.S. Department of Education, 1998). At the same time, quality programs can increase academic achievement, including higher performance in
reading and math along with other subjects (U.S. Department of Education, 1998). The interest in and the focus of establishing after school programs derives partly from the increasing numbers
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