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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
In twelve pages this paper examines the adverse drug reactions or metabolic changes that are associated with antipsychotic medications and also considers the implications of these antipsychotic drug reactions to the nursing profession. Ten sources are listed in the bibliography.
Page Count:
12 pages (~225 words per page)
File: TG15_TGantipsymed.rtf
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
Schizophrenia is a debilitating brain disorder that according to Chetty & Murray (2007) "afflicts about 1 in 100 adults" (p. 307). It can include positive or negative symptoms.
Positive symptoms include incoherence, agitation, hallucinations, delusions, and negative symptoms include emotional apathy or withdrawal, depression, and anxiety (Chetty & Murray, 2007). In the treatment of a complex disorder
such as schizophrenia, medical professionals should keep in mind that medication balance is extremely important and that a failure to do so can increase the likelihood of more serious medical
problems resulting from the drug treatment (Lieberman, 2004). Antipsychotic drugs are responsible for altering the balance of the neurotransmitter in various portions of the brain (Seethalakshmi, Parkar, Nair, Batra, Pandit,
Adarkar, Baghel, Moghe, 2007). Like most medications, antipsychotic drugs are used for the management of symptoms and not as cures (Blake, 2006). They are intended to manage positively
incidences of hallucinations and other types of behavioral or thought disturbances, and can also be used as maintenance therapy to prevent relapses (Blake, 2006; Curran & Keating 2006). Antipsychotic
drugs (also known as neuroleptics) first began being prescribed for schizophrenia back in the late 1950s (Blake, 2006). They are typically classified as typical or traditional (first generation) and
atypical (second generation) (Blake, 2006). Typical antipsychotic medications are used mostly to block dopaminergic D2 receptors, whereas the atypical variety can be used to block dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors
(Seethalakshmi et al., 2007, p. 242). Traditional antipsychotic drugs began with phenothiazines, with the first, chlorpromazine, prescribed for agitation, combativeness, and to control positive schizophrenic symptoms (Blake, 2006; Chetty &
Murray, 2007). However, between 30 and 60 percent of schizophrenic patients are unresponsive to typical antipsychotic medications (Chetty & Murray, 2007). They have proven ineffective in treating hallucinations
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