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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 12 page paper. This essay discusses three aspects of adolescent motivation: What is adolescent motivation? What is the influence of peers, parents and self in terms of achievement motivation? and What helps promote optimal learning for adolescents? The motivation theories included in this essay include those from: Erikson, Maslow, Bandura, and Sullivan. The essay discusses each theory in terms of the motivation to learn and achieve. The essay also comments on things teachers can do to optimize an adolescent's achievement motivation. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Page Count:
12 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGadmlr.RTF
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
3. What helps promote optimal learning for adolescents? When discussing motivation, it is extremely helpful to first consider the developmental process, most specifically, psychosocial development. Erikson proposed eight psychosocial stages
of human development that span from birth to death (Harder, 2002). Erikson described his theory in terms of crises; there is a crisis at each stage which the individual must
resolve in order to grow and develop. Each stage is presented with two outcomes, one being positive and the other being negative: Trust vs. Mistrust; Autonomy vs. Shame; Initiative vs.
Guilt; Industry vs. Inferiority; Identity vs. Role Confusion; Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation; Generativity vs. Self-absorption or Stagnation and Integrity vs. Despair (Harder, 2002). The names refer to the desired
outcomes of that stage (Harder, 2002). Erikson said that humans "develop through a predetermined unfolding of our personalities in eight stages" (Boeree, 2006). Success in each stage is dependent
upon success in preceding stages (Boeree, 2006). An important aspect of Eriksons theory is that beginning with adolescence, development is based on what the individual himself does and the choices
he makes whereas the stages of development prior adolescence are directly related to what happens in the external environment (Harder, 2002). Stage 5: Adolescence is the most difficult stage because
this youngster is challenged with massive physiological and emotional changes. This stage is called: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Boeree, 2006; Harder, 2002). The adolescent must achieve ego identity during this
stage and does so by trying on many different identities (Boeree, 2006). Hamman and Hendricks (2005) explain that the adolescents primary task is "identifying, evaluating, and selecting values and roles
for their adult life" (p. 72). During this stage of development, the adolescent needs to determine who he/she is and how they fit into the general society (Boeree, 2006). If
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