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A 5 page paper that explains the basics of classical conditioning and operant conditioning and how each can explain phobias and addictions and extinguishing those behaviors. Bibliography lists 3 sources. PG691933.doc
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5 pages (~225 words per page)
File: ME12_PG691933.doc
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the individual will do almost anything to avoid whatever the subject of the phobia is. Addictions are defines as a chronic disease that is characterized by the inability to control
the use of a substance, such as drugs and alcohol (Stone, 2011). Addiction may also refer to compulsions that are not related to substances, such as gambling, computer use, social
media, and so on (Stone, 2011). The next edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders includes behavioral addictions as a new class of illness
(Stone, 2011). Activities like computer gaming and involvement of digital social networking have become real problems in this society. If you cannot stay away from something, it is an
addiction. If you are irrationally afraid of something, it is a phobia. These are learned behaviors and can be explained through behavioral theories, specifically classical conditioning as perceived by Pavlov,
Watson, and Guthrie and operant conditioning as perceived by Skinner, Thorndike, and Hull. Pavlov is considered to be the forerunner in classical conditioning. He observed that a dog would
eventually salivate when presented with an object when that object was associated with a desired object. Specifically, Pavlov rang a bell a few seconds before he provided food to a
dog; the dog naturally salivated with anticipation for his food. After a while, the dog would salivate when he heard the bell whether or not food was offered. The dog
was conditioned to associate the bell with food (Mergel, 2011). In terms of variables, the food is an unconditioned stimulus, the salivation is an unconditioned response that is natural and
not learned, the bell is the conditioned stimulus, and the salivation becomes a conditioned response. To extinguish the behavioral response, the experimenter must stop pairing the bell with the food
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