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Essay / Research Paper Abstract
A 12 page comprehensive explanation and discussion of action research. Paper includes the historical origins of action research, what it is, and the cycles/phases involved. The essay then explains quantitative and qualitative research designs and the difference between them. The last section discusses interviewing techniques. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Page Count:
12 pages (~225 words per page)
File: MM12_PGacrsh.RTF
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Unformatted sample text from the term paper:
research may have been initially used by Kurt Lewin (Masters, 2006; Ferrance, 2000). Other authors suggest that action-oriented research evolved over the last century. There is also a strong argument
that action research emerged directly from scientific, empirical models of research towards the end of the 19th century when the Science in Education movement began (Masters, 2006). Some researchers have
traced action research as early as the 1940s with researchers such as Collier, Lippitt and Radke, and Corey (Masters, 2006). Corey was the first investigator to actually use action research
in education and designate as such (Ferrance, 2000). There is other evidence that action research was used in 1913 by a physician who used a group in a community development
project in Vienna (Masters, 2006). Some researchers, however, insist that action research in terms of participatory research did not come into practice until the 1970s (Masters, 2006). And, it was
used at that time with different development projects in countries with high poverty levels (Masters, 2006). It can be positively stated that Kurt Lewin did indeed construct a theory regarding
action research in the mid-1940s (Masters, 2006; Ferrance, 2000). Lewin described this approach as "proceeding in a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of planning, action and the
evaluation of the result of action" (Masters, 2006). Lewin argued for action research on the theory that the only way to understand and change different "social practices, social scientists have
to include practitioners from the real social world in all phases of inquiry" (Masters, 2006). In fact, Lewin said that "the work should not separate the investigation from the action
to solve the problem" (Ferrance, 2000). Lewins arguments lent credibility to this research approach (Masters, 2006). Specific movements in social sciences have influenced the history and philosophical nature of action
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