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This is a 3 page paper that provides an overview of cellular evolution. The work of Aaron Goldman is focused upon. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
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3 pages (~225 words per page)
File: KW60_KFsci058.doc
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catalysts and processes of life as a whole. According to Dr. Aaron Goldman, perhaps the most important feature of cellular life is its modularity, a trait which refers to the
existence of physiological constructs common to all cells which serve specific functions, and which, more importantly, can be combined as needed into different more complex configurations to accomplish the tasks
necessary of life, such as metabolism and gene expression (Goldman & Horst, 2011). For instance, cellular structures that serve as metabolic pathways (containing instructions for the translation of one chemical
into another, such as the breaking down of organic matter into usable cellular energy), as well as gene expression pathways are very common examples of modular cell structures (Goldman &
Horst, 2011). To understand how this happens, one needs a basic understanding of how DNA and RNA function. According to Goldman, DNA contains the basic genetic instructions for how cells
are supposed to divide and grow, whereas RNA contains the actual "framework" for the creation of specific proteins that will carry out individualized functions (Goldman & Landweber, 2012b). RNA bonds
with amino acids in a variety of ways to create different "folds", or topological protein structures that are inherently arranged to produce different needed effects in the process of cell
growth and cell division; according to Goldman, this is an evolution of ancient RNA processes wherein RNA genes built not protein structures but more sophisticated RNA molecules that served a
similar pre-metabolic function (Goldman, Samudrala, & Baross, 2011). Whatever the case, once protein folds are established, those proteins typically require a catalyst in the form of a ribozyme, or enzymatic
structure that initiates the process for which the protein was built; sometimes this catalyst is a product of the bodys metabolic functions. An example of a typical protein fold created
...